八卦迷宫 Bagua Maze
“八卦城是迄今为止世界上唯一建筑正规、保存最完整的八卦城。迷宫般的64卦街道布局、神奇的《易经》方位学说以有形的方式再现于该县，其一心居中、轴轴递进、环环相扣、路路相通的放射性格局，与周边的山势水势巧妙结合，不但是我国古代规划史上的奇迹，而且是世界建筑史上的奇迹。”可以说，特克斯县作为一个历史文化名城的前提和基础，正是由于其独特的易学文化内涵和建筑理念。
"Bagua City is the only Bagua City in the world with regular architecture and the best preserved. The maze-like layout of the 64 hexagrams streets and the magical orientation theory of the Book of Changes are reproduced in the county in a tangible way. Its radiating pattern with one center in the center, progressive axes, interlocking rings and interconnected roads, is cleverly combined with the surrounding mountains and rivers. It is not only a miracle in the history of ancient Chinese planning, but also a miracle in the history of world architecture." It can be said that the premise and foundation of Tekes County as a historical and cultural city is precisely due to its unique Yixue cultural connotation and architectural concept.
The legend of the birth of "Bagua City"
“八卦城”诞生的传说
正如我们开始所指出，传说中特克斯“八卦城”的建构者长春真人丘处机，为集山之刚气、川之柔顺、水之盛脉为一体的特克斯河谷所动，立此为八卦城的风水核心，确立了坎北、离南、震东、兑西四方位，这便是特克斯八卦城最原始的雏形。尽管这一传说未必可信，同时其中信息含量也较少，但是于此传说中，我们至少可以看到其中所内蕴的《周易》四正卦理念以及道教文化。具体来说：
As we pointed out at the beginning, the legendary builder of Tekes "Bagua City" Qiu Chuji, the Taoist of Changchun, was moved by the Tekes River Valley, which combines the strength of mountains, the softness of rivers, and the prosperity of water. He established this as the Feng Shui core of Bagua City and established the four directions of Kan in the north, Li in the south, Zhen in the east, and Dui in the west. This is the most primitive prototype of Tekes Bagua City. Although this legend may not be credible and the information content is relatively small, we can at least see the concept of the four cardinal hexagrams of the Book of Changes and Taoist culture in this legend. Specifically:
首先，《周易》本身由于其独特的象数符号系统，形成了区别于其他中国传统文化的典籍的独特文化价值。《周易》本身除了一般典籍中的文字系统之外，同时并行一套独特的符号系统，即卦爻系统。构成这一体系的最基础符号是阴爻与阳爻，象征着古人二元的朴素辩证思想，成为之后深远影响中国文化的阴阳思想的基础。阴爻与阳爻的三次不同叠加便构成了《周易》的八卦，而特克斯“八卦城”的最基础理念也来源于此。
First of all, the Zhouyi itself has formed a unique cultural value that is different from other Chinese traditional cultural classics due to its unique symbol system. In addition to the text system in general classics, the Zhouyi itself also has a unique symbol system, namely the hexagram system. The most basic symbols that constitute this system are yin and yang, which symbolize the ancients' simple dualistic dialectical thinking and become the basis of the yin and yang thinking that has a profound impact on Chinese culture. The three different superpositions of yin and yang constitute the eight trigrams of the Zhouyi, and the most basic concept of Tekes "Eight Trigrams City" also comes from this.
八卦分别为乾、坤、坎、离、震、兑、艮、巽，分别代表八类不同的物象，如：天、地、水、火、雷、泽、山、风，《周易》认为“八卦相荡，化生万物”，宇宙万物的产生其基础在于阴阳二气的交感，进一步的表现为这八类事物的交融，体现着古人朴素的唯物主义世界观。
The Eight Trigrams are Qian, Kun, Kan, Li, Zhen, Dui, Gen and Xun, representing eight different types of objects, such as heaven, earth, water, fire, thunder, marsh, mountain and wind. The Book of Changes believes that "the eight trigrams interact with each other to give birth to all things" and the creation of all things in the universe is based on the interaction of yin and yang, which is further manifested in the fusion of these eight types of things, reflecting the ancients' simple materialistic worldview.
其次，《周易》作为“群经之首，大道之源”，其所代表的文化涉及了儒家、道家、道教、佛教等众多流派，而特克斯“八卦城”所展现的则主要是道教易学文化，这自然与道教文化代表人物全真教的丘处机影响有关。道教作为中国土生土长的宗教流派，最初是为了应对佛教的传人而产生，追求个体的长生久视，寻求肉体成仙之道。
Secondly, as the "first of all classics and the source of the great way", the culture represented by the Zhouyi involves many schools such as Confucianism, Taoism, Taoism, and Buddhism, while the "Bagua City" in Tekes mainly displays the culture of Taoist Yixue, which is naturally related to the influence of Qiu Chuji, the representative of Taoist culture. Taoism, as a native religious school in China, was originally created to respond to the descendants of Buddhism, pursuing individual longevity and seeking the way to become immortal in the flesh.
也因此，尽管道教文化虽然完全不能与诸如基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教之类的宗教相抗衡，但是在过往的历史中，时常收到历代渴望长生不老的帝王青睐。
检视“八卦城”产生的传说，我们也不难看到，正是由于成吉思汗希望获取长生之道，而邀请长春真人丘处机，才有了他的西行之旅。而通过丘处机向成吉思汗等蒙古统治者宣传和平、反对战争，在一定程度上让成吉思汗改变了政策。在撒马尔罕，丘处机针对成吉思汗急欲寻求“长生秘诀”的心境，向他宣讲“清静无为”的道教观点，希望大汗做到“内固精神，外修阴德”。
Therefore, although Taoist culture is completely unable to compete with religions such as Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism, in the past history, it has often been favored by emperors who desire immortality.
Looking at the legend of the "Bagua City", it is not difficult to see that it was because Genghis Khan wanted to obtain the way to immortality and invited Changchun Zhenren Qiu Chuji that he made his journey to the West. Qiu Chuji promoted peace and opposed war to Genghis Khan and other Mongolian rulers, which to a certain extent made Genghis Khan change his policy. In Samarkand, Qiu Chuji preached the Taoist view of "purity and inaction" to Genghis Khan in response to his eagerness to seek the "secret of immortality", hoping that the Khan would "strengthen his spirit internally and cultivate good deeds externally".
所谓内固精神，就是“减声色，省嗜欲”，并向他传述战胜色欲的办法。在要求成吉思汗“内固精神”的同时，丘处机更重视“外修阴德”的宣传。丘处机提出的“外修阴德”是希望成吉思汗能禁止杀掠，恤众保民。由此，丘处机不仅仅对当时成吉思汗的现实产生影响，更进一步使道教文化传播到了其所经之地，对西域及中亚各国文化有一定影响。也正因为如此，特克斯“八卦城”的易学文化才表现为道教易学文化特色。
The so-called inner strengthening spirit is to "reduce the sound and color, and reduce the desires", and to tell him the way to overcome lust. While asking Genghis Khan to "strengthen his inner spirit", Qiu Chuji attached more importance to the promotion of "external cultivation of Yin virtue". Qiu Chuji's "external cultivation of Yin virtue" was to hope that Genghis Khan would prohibit killing and plundering, and protect the people.
Therefore, Qiu Chuji not only had an impact on Genghis Khan's reality at that time, but also further spread Taoist culture to the places he passed through, and had a certain impact on the culture of the Western Regions and Central Asian countries. It is also because of this that the Yixue culture of Tekes "Bagua City" is manifested as the characteristics of Taoist Yixue culture.
所谓“文王后天八卦图”是与“伏羲先天八卦图”相对比而命名的，《周易》中指出“先天而天弗违，后天而天奉时”，所谓先天八卦与后天八卦的主要区别在于对于八卦方位的排列不同。
The so-called "King Wen's Postnatal Bagua Diagram" is named in contrast to the "Fuxi's Prenatal Bagua Diagram". The "Book of Changes" points out that "the prenatal and the heaven do not violate, the postnatal and the heaven obey the time". The main difference between the so-called prenatal Bagua and the postnatal Bagua lies in the different arrangement of the Bagua directions.
先天八卦图为邵雍所传，《周易本义》卷首指出：“邵子日：乾南、坤北，离东、坎西，震东北、兑东南，巽西南、艮西北”，这讲述的是“伏羲先天八卦图”方位排列。而“文王后天八卦图”则以震、兑、离、坎分别表示正东、正西、正南、正北，即之前所说的“四正卦”，而巽 、坤、乾、艮分别代表东南、西南、西北、东北四个方向，也被称之为“四隅卦”。
The prenatal Bagua diagram was passed down by Shao Yong. The beginning of the "Book of Changes Original Meaning" points out: "Shao Zi said: Qian is in the south, Kun is in the north, Li is in the east, Kan is in the west, Zhen is in the northeast, Dui is in the southeast, Xun is in the southwest, and Gen is in the northwest."
This describes the arrangement of the directions of the "Fuxi Prenatal Bagua Diagram". The "King Wen's Postnatal Bagua Diagram" uses Zhen, Dui, Li, and Kan to represent the east, west, south, and north respectively, which is the "four main hexagrams" mentioned earlier, while Xun, Kun, Qian, and Gen represent the southeast, southwest, northwest, and northeast directions respectively, which are also called the "four corner hexagrams".
“八卦城”的最基本格局即是按照“文王后天八卦图”的方位次序建构而成，我们要了解“八卦城 ”易学文化 ，首先就需要理解“后天八卦图”中的独特文化内涵。周易《说卦传》中指出“帝出乎震，齐乎巽，相见乎离，致役乎坤，说言乎兑，战乎乾，劳乎坎，成言乎艮”，在理解了上一节关于“八卦城”传说时期“四正卦”的内涵，于此也就不难把握了，与“四正卦”相对的“四隅卦”代表空间中四个角落的方位，同时分别表示时间中的春夏之交、夏秋之交、秋冬之交、冬春之交，代表四季更替中的阶段性状态。
The most basic pattern of the "Bagua City" is constructed according to the orientation order of the "Emperor Wen's Later Heaven Bagua Diagram". If we want to understand the Yi culture of the "Bagua City", we must first understand the unique cultural connotation of the "Later Heaven Bagua Diagram". Zhouyi's "Shuogua Zhuan" points out that "the emperor comes out of Zhen, gathers in Xun, meets in Li, serves in Kun, speaks in Dui, fights in Qian, works in Kan, and completes his words in Gen". After understanding the connotation of the "four main hexagrams" in the legendary period of the "Bagua City" in the previous section, it is not difficult to grasp it here.
The "four corner hexagrams" opposite to the "four main hexagrams" represent the orientation of the four corners in space, and at the same time represent the transition between spring and summer, summer and autumn, autumn and winter, and winter and spring in time, representing the staged state in the alternation of the four seasons.
同时我们应该把握，此一时期的“八卦城”易学文化与传说时期的“四正卦”设计思路相比，更进一步的涵摄了“五行相生”的文化内涵，在“文化后天八卦图”中，除了具有空间上的八方之外，同时内涵四季依照五行相生的次序而流转。
At the same time, we should understand that the "Bagua City" Yixue culture of this period, compared with the "Four Cardinal Trigrams" design concept of the legendary period, further encompasses the cultural connotation of "the mutual generation of the Five Elements". In the "Cultural Postnatal Bagua Diagram", in addition to the eight directions in space, it also contains the four seasons that flow according to the order of the mutual generation of the Five Elements.
五行相生的次序展现为木生火、火生土、土生金、金生水、水生木，而“八卦城”的构造格局中，震卦与巽卦表征春季与春夏之交，五行属木；由春而夏，由木而生火，离卦则代表夏季；火生土，而土则代表夏秋之交的坤卦；土生金，“后天八卦图”中，兑卦与乾卦属金，分别代表秋天与秋冬之际；金生水，坎卦则代表冬季之水；最后，水生木，完成一年四季的循环往复，由艮卦作为“成始成终”的标志。
The order of the five elements' generation is wood generates fire, fire generates earth, earth generates metal, metal generates water, and water generates wood.
In the structural pattern of the "Bagua City", Zhen Gua and Xun Gua represent spring and the turn of spring and summer, and the five elements belong to wood; from spring to summer, from wood to fire, Li Gua represents summer; fire generates earth, and earth represents Kun Gua at the turn of summer and autumn; earth generates metal, and in the "Postnatal Bagua Diagram", Dui Gua and Qian Gua belong to metal, representing autumn and the period of autumn and winter respectively; metal generates water, and Kan Gua represents winter water; finally, water generates wood, completing the cycle of the four seasons, with Gen Gua as the symbol of "beginning and end".
于此我们不难看到，“八卦城”随着格局 从“四正卦”到“后天八卦”的演进，其易学文化内涵也在发展。
From this, it is not difficult to see that as the structure of "Bagua City" evolves from "Four Cardinal Trigrams" to "Postnatal Bagua", its Yixue cultural connotation is also developing.
“八卦城”的九宫格构形即来源于洛书。组成洛书的九个数字，在九宫格中排列成一组九位纵横相加均为十五的数列组合。这一九宫格内涵着丰富的易学文化资源，首先，基于《周易》“阳奇阴偶”的观念，九宫格中所有的奇数位于东南西北中正位，而偶数则偏居四隅，这象征着以阳统阴的文化理念，其次这一九宫图构型同时内具“文王后天八卦图”于其中，数字1对应“八卦图”中居于北方的坎卦，2对应坤卦，3对应震卦，4对应巽卦，6对应乾卦，7对应兑卦，8对应艮卦，9对应离卦，5居中阳代表五行。
The nine-square grid of the "Bagua City" is derived from the Luoshu. The nine numbers that make up the Luoshu are arranged in the nine-square grid to form a series of nine numbers that add up to 15. This nine-square grid contains rich cultural resources of Yixue.
First, based on the concept of "Yang is odd and Yin is even" in the "Book of Changes", all the odd numbers in the nine-square grid are located in the middle of the southeast, northwest, and even numbers are located in the four corners, which symbolizes the cultural concept of Yang governing Yin. Secondly, this nine-square grid configuration also contains the "King Wen's Later Heaven Bagua Diagram". The number 1 corresponds to the Kan Gua in the north of the "Bagua Diagram", 2 corresponds to the Kun Gua, 3 corresponds to the Zhen Gua, 4 corresponds to the Xun Gua, 6 corresponds to the Qian Gua, 7 corresponds to the Dui Gua, 8 corresponds to the Gen Gua, 9 corresponds to the Li Gua, and 5 is in the middle, representing the five elements.
整个数字的顺序也表现出五行相克的思想。因此，我们不难看到，特克斯“八卦城”新城区开发基于九宫格构型的思路，不仅适应了城镇规模扩大的需要，同时也适应了“八卦城”易学文化内涵的要求。
The order of the entire number also reflects the idea of the mutual restraint of the five elements. Therefore, it is not difficult to see that the development of the new urban area of Tekes "Bagua City" based on the idea of the nine-square grid configuration not only meets the needs of expanding the scale of the town, but also meets the requirements of the "Bagua City" Yixue cultural connotation.